如何用邏輯關系解托福閱讀詞匯題？

說到托福閱讀的詞匯題，基本的出題形式就是 【The word "XX" is closest in meaning to which of following?】，每篇文章的題目數量一般為3-5題，所以3篇文章加起來總數接近總題目的三分之一了，是一個不容同學們小覷的題型。

并且托福閱讀的詞匯題依然是考試的中心所指，在這里我們主要告訴同學們碰到題干中所考察的生詞不認識如何利用邏輯有效解題，主要有以下四種邏輯關系解題。

01并列關系

常見并列關系詞：and，or，also，too，as well，other，another

But it is a wrong interpretation; fossils are frequently so dense because the pores and other spaces in the bone have become filled with minerals taken up from the surrounding sediments.

The word "pores" is closest in meaning to which of following?

A. joints

B. tissues

C. lines

D. holes

此題目中的pore如果同學們不認識的話，就去找附近有無邏輯關系來幫助解題。看到較近的and 連接pores 和other spaces兩個平行結構，前后相對應，因此pores的意思應為some space，選項中的D 的holes與此意義較接近，為正確答案。

02　轉折關系

常見轉折關系詞：but，however，yet，by contrast，on the contrary ，in fact，actually;

We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa.

The word “ marked ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. considerable

B. surprising

C. limited

D. adequate

此題目中的marked如果同學們不認識的話，我們在附近會發現它所在句子和上一句形成轉折關系，那么marked的意思與crude為直接相反。極為程度高的，明顯的意思。選項中的A 的considerable(可觀的)與此意義較接近，為正確答案。

03　舉例關系

常見舉例關系詞：e.g.，for example，such as，for instance，like，including;

Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

10. The word distort in the passage is closest in meaning to

A Mistrust

B Misinterpret

C Criticize

D Resent

此題所考察的生詞distort所造句子后緊隨一個例句進行解釋其意思，意為：一些人會假想別人會有意傷害他們，而實際上別人根本沒這么想。也就是誤解了別人的動機，那么B選項意思較為接近。

04　因果關系

常見因果關系詞：

?表原因：for，because，since，as ，due to，owing to，result from 等;

?表結果：so，thus，hence，therefore，so...that, lead to, contribute to, cause, bring about, generate 等;

In 1815 he published the first modern geological map, “A Map of the Strata of England and Wales with a Part of Scotland,” a map so meticulously researched that it can still be used today.

5. The word “meticulously” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A carefully

B quickly

C frequently

D obviously

“meticulously” 前后存在一個由so...that構成的因果關系(如此...以至于)，結果為現在還能用200年前的地圖，那么肯定是因為這個地圖比較有用，非常好，只有A選項carefully(詳細地)的意思較接近，方向也是一致的。

這也就意味著同學們一定要首先識別出常見的邏輯關系詞，然后再利用它進行解答題目。可通過精讀兩三篇TPO文章圈出文中的邏輯以增強你對它們的熟悉程度。

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